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Polynomial Code based Quantum Authentication
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==Protocol Description== '''Input:''' <math>\rho</math> owned by <math>\mathcal{S}</math>; <math>k</math>, <math>x</math>, <math>y</math> shared among <math>\mathcal{S}</math> and <math>\mathcal{A}</math></br></br> '''Output:''' Receiver accepts or aborts the quantum state <math>\rho^\prime</math> *'''''Encryption and encoding:''''' #<math>\mathcal{S}</math> q-encrypts the <math>m</math>-qubit original message <math>\rho</math> as <math>\tau</math> using the classical key <math>x</math> and a [[Quantum One-Time Pad | quantum one-time pad]]. This encryption is given by <math>\tau = \sigma_x^{\vec{t}_1}\sigma_z^{\vec{t}_2}\rho\sigma_z^{\vec{1}_1}\sigma_x^{\vec{t}_1}</math>, where <math>\vec{t}_1</math> and <math>\vec{t}_2</math> are <math>m</math>-bit vectors and given by the random binary key <math>x</math>. #<math>\mathcal{S}</math> then encodes <math>\tau</math> according to <math>Q_k</math> with syndrome <math>y</math>, which results in the <math>n</math>-qubit state <math>\sigma</math>. This means <math>\mathcal{S}</math> encodes <math>\rho</math> in <math>n</math> qubits using <math>Q_k</math>, and then "applies" errors according to the random syndrome. #<math>\mathcal{S}</math> sends <math>\sigma</math> to <math>\mathcal{A}</math>. *'''''Decoding and decryption:''''' #<math>\mathcal{A}</math> receives the <math>n</math> qubits, whose state is denoted by <math>\sigma^\prime</math>. #<math>\mathcal{A}</math> measures the syndrome <math>y^\prime</math> of the code <math>Q_k</math> on his <math>n</math> qubits in state <math>\sigma^\prime</math>. #<math>\mathcal{A}</math> compares the syndromes <math>y</math> and <math>y^\prime</math> and aborts the process if they are different. #<math>\mathcal{A}</math> decodes his <math>n</math>-qubit word according to <math>Q_k</math> obtaining <math>\tau^\prime</math>. #<math>\mathcal{A}</math> q-decrypts <math>\tau^\prime</math> using the random binary strings <math>x</math> obtaining <math>\rho^\prime</math>.
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